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Phil Kellman

kellman

Distinguished Professor
Adjunct Professor of Surgery
Ph.D.: University of Pennsylvania
Primary Area: Cognitive Psychology
Address: 7514 Pritzker Hall
Phone: (310) 825-4202, (310) 454-8115
Email: kellman@psych.ucla.edu

Research and Teaching Interests:

  • Visual perception of objects, contours, surfaces, shape, and motion
  • Perceptual learning and development
  • Perceptual learning, visual cognition, and adaptive learning in education, skill acquisition, and educational technology
  • Human factors applications of perception and cognition research
Curriculum Vitae

Representative Publications:

Note:  Recent and representative publications are grouped below by topics: Visual Perception of Objects, Contours, Surfaces, and Shape; Perceptual Learning and Learning Technology; Adaptive Learning; Perceptual Development.

VISUAL PERCEPTION OF OBJECTS, CONTOURS, SURFACES, AND SHAPE

Kellman, P.J., Baker, N., Garrigan, P., Phillips, A.& Lu, H. (in press). For deep networks, the whole equals the sum of the parts. Comment on J. Bowers et al., Deep problems with neural network models of human vision, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

Baker, N., & Kellman, P. J. (2023). Independent mechanisms for processing local contour features and global shape. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.

Baker, N., Garrigan, P., Phillips, A., & Kellman, P. J. (2023). Configural relations in humans and deep convolutional neural networks. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 5, 961595.

Kellman, P. J. & Fuchser, V. (2023). Visual completion and intermediate representations in object formation. In Aleksandra Mroczko-Wąsowicz and Rick Grush (Eds.), Sensory Individuals, New York: Oxford University Press.

Baker, N. & Kellman, P. J. (2021). Constant curvature modeling of abstract shape representation.PLoS ONE, 16(8): 30254719

Baker, N., Garrigan, P. & Kellman, P. J. (2020). Constant curvature segments as building blocks of 2D shape representation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, doi.org/10.1037/xge0001007.

Baker, N., Lu, H., Erlikhman, G., & Kellman, P. J.  (2020). Local features and global shape information in object classification by deep convolutional neural networks. Vision Research, 172, 46-61.

Baker, N., Lu, H., Erlikhman, G. & Kellman, P.J. (2018).  Deep convolutional networks do not classify based on global object shape. PLOS: Computational Biology, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006613

Baker, N., Kellman, P.J., Erlikhman, G. & Lu, H. (2018). Deep convolutional networks do not perceive illusory contours. In T.T. Rogers, M. Rau, X. Zhu, & C. W. Kalish (Eds.), Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society

Baker, N. & Kellman, P.J. (2018). Abstract shape representation in human visual perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(9), 1295–1308; doi: 10.1037/xge0000409.

Palmer, E.M. & Kellman, P.J. (2017). The aperture capture illusion. In Shapiro, A., & Todorovic, D. (Eds.) The Oxford Compendium of Visual Illusions. Oxford University Press.

Carrigan, S.B., Palmer, E.M. & Kellman, P.J. (2016). Differentiating global and local contour completion using a dot localization paradigm, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 42(12), 1928-1946.

Erlikhman, G. & Kellman, P.J.(2016).  From flashes to edges to objects: Recovery of local edge fragments initiates spatiotemporal boundary formation. Frontiers in Psychology, Special issue on Perceptual Grouping, 7, 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00910

Erlikhman, G. & Kellman, P.J. (2015). Modeling spatiotemporal boundary formation. Vision Research, Special issue on quantitative approaches in Gestalt perception. pii: S0042-6989(15)00118-2. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2015.03.016.

Erlikhman, G., Xing, Y.Z. & Kellman, P.J. (2014). Non-rigid illusory contours and global shape transformations defined by spatiotemporal boundary formation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00978

Ghose, T., Liu, J. & Kellman, P.J. (2014) Recovering metric properties of objects through spatiotemporal interpolation. Vision Research, 102, 80-88.

Kellman, P.J., Mnookin, J., Erlikhman, G., Garrigan, P., Ghose, T., Mettler, E., Charlton, D. & Dror, I.E. (2014). Forensic comparison and matching of fingerprints: Using quantitative image measures for estimating error rates through understanding and predicting difficulty. PLoS ONE, 9(5): e94617.

Palmer, E. & Kellman, P.J. (2014).  The aperture capture illusion: Misperceived forms in dynamic occlusion displays.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 40(2), 502-24.

Erlikhman, G., Xing, Y.Z. & Kellman, P.J. (2014). Non-rigid illusory contours and global shape transformations defined by spatiotemporal boundary formation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8:978. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00978.

Kellman, P.J., Garrigan, P.B. & Erlikhman, G. (2013). Challenges in understanding visual shape perception and representation: Bridging subsymbolic and symbolic coding. In S. J. Dickinson & Z. Pizlo (Eds.), Shape perception in human and computer vision: An interdisciplinary perspective. London: Springer, pp. 249-274.

Keane, B.P., Kellman, P.J., Lu, H., & Papathomas, T.V., & Silverstein, S.M. (2012). Is interpolation cognitively encapsulated? Measuring the effects of belief on Kanizsa shape discrimination and illusory contour formation. Cognition, 123, 404–418.

Garrigan, P.B. & Kellman, P.J. (2011). The role of constant curvature in 2D contour shape representations. Perception, 40(11): 1290-1308.

Kalar, D., Garrigan, P., Hilger, J., Wickens, T. & Kellman, P.J. (2010). A unified model for contour interpolation. Vision Research, 50(3), 284-299.

Kellman, P.J., Garrigan, P., Palmer, E.M. (2010). 3-D and spatiotemporal interpolation in object and surface formation. In C. W. Tyler (Ed.) Computer Vision: From Surfaces to Objects.  London:  Chapman Hall Press.

Kellman, P.J., Garrigan, P.B., Shipley, T.F. & Keane, B.P. (2007). Interpolation processes in object perception:  A reply to Anderson.  Psychological Review, 114(2): 488-502.

Palmer, E. M., Kellman, P. J., & Shipley, T. F. (2006). A theory of dynamic occluded and illusory object perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135, 513–541.  (Selected for American Psychological Association Young Investigator Award – best paper published in JEP: General in 2006 by a young investigator (Evan Palmer).)

Kellman, P.J., Garrigan, P.,  & Shipley, T. F.  (2005).  Object interpolation in three dimensions. Psychological Review, Vol. 112, No. 3, 586-609.

Shipley, T.F. & Kellman, P. J. (Eds.). (2001).  From Fragments to Objects:  Segmentation and Grouping in Vision.  Amsterdam:  Elsevier Science Press. ISBN 0-444-50506-7.  

 

PERCEPTUAL LEARNING AND LEARNING TECHNOLOGY

Kellman, P. J., Massey, C. M., Krasne, S. & Mettler, E. (2023). Connecting adaptive perceptual learning and signal detection theory in skin cancer screening. In M. Goldwater, F. K. Anggoro, B. K. Hayes, & D. C. Ong (Eds.), Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 3251-3258.

DiGirolamo, G.J., DiDominica, M., Qadri, M.A., Kellman, P.J., Krasne, S., Massey, C. and Rosen, M.P. (2023). Multiple expressions of “expert” abnormality gist in novices following perceptual learning. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 8:10, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-023-00462-5.

Ahmad, T. R., Ashraf, D. C., Kellman, P. J., Krasne, S., & Ramanathan, S. (2023). Training visual pattern recognition in ophthalmology using a perceptual and adaptive learning module. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology.

Kellman, P.J., Jacoby, V., Massey, C.M. & Krasne, S. (2022). Perceptual learning, adaptive learning, and gamification: Educational technologies for pattern recognition, problem solving and knowledge retention in medical learning. In M. Lee & H. Witchel (Eds.), Technologies in Biomedical and Life Science Education: Approaches and Efficacy for Learning. American Physiological Society Methods in Physiology series (pp. 135-166). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95633-2_5

Slaught, C., Madu, P., Chang, A. Y., Williams, V. L., Kebaetse, M. B., Nkomazana, O., Molefe-Baikai, O.J., Bekele, N., Omech, B., Kellman, P.J., Krasne, S. & Kovarik, C. L. (2022). Novel education modules addressing the underrepresentation of skin of color in dermatology training. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 26(1), 17-24.

Mettler, E., Massey, C., Burke, T.B., & Kellman, P. J. (2020). Comparing adaptive and random spacing schedules during learning to mastery criteria. Proceedings of the 42st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Toronto, ON: Cognitive Science Society.

Mettler, E., Massey, C., El-Ashmawy, A.K., & Kellman, P. J. (2020). Adaptive vs. fixed spacing of learning items: Evidence from studies of learning and transfer in chemistry education. Proceedings of the 42st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Toronto, ON: Cognitive Science Society.

Krasne, S., Stevens, C. D., Kellman, P. J., & Niemann, J. T. (2020). Mastering ECG interpretation skills through a perceptual and adaptive learning module. Academic Emergency Medicine Education & Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1002/aet2.10454

Mettler, E., Phillips, A., Massey, C., Burke, T., Garrigan, P., & Kellman, P. J. (2019). The synergy of passive and active learning modes in adaptive perceptual learning. In A.K. Goel, C.M. Seifert, & C. Freksa (Eds.), Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2351-2357). Montreal, QB: Cognitive Science Society.

Krasne, S. & Kellman, P.J. (2018). Accelerating expertise: Perceptual and adaptive learning technology in medical learning. Medical Teacher, Special issue on adaptive learning in medical education, 40:8, 797-802, doi:10.1080/0142159X.2018.1484897.

Lerner, N., Gill, M., Scott-Parker, B. & Kellman, P.J. (2017).  Accelerating driver expertise through perceptual and adaptive learning. Report to the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Westat Corp. (Available on NAS website at: https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1461088)

Romito, B., Krasne, S., Kellman, P. & Dhillon, A. (2016). The impact of a perceptual and adaptive learning module on transoesophageal echocardiography interpretation by anaesthesiology residents. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 117 (4): 477-481.

Unuma, H., Hasegawa, H. , & Kellman, P.J. (2016). Perceptual learning facilitates precise mental representations of fractions. The Journal of Kawamura Gakuen Women’s University.27(1), 35-49.

Rimoin, L., Altieri, L., Craft, N., Krasne, S. & Kellman, P.J. (2015). Training pattern recognition of skin lesion morphology, configuration and distribution. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 72(3):489-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.11.016. 

Bufford, C.A., Mettler, E., Geller, E.H. & Kellman, P.J. (2014). The psychophysics of algebra expertise: Mathematics perceptual learning interventions produce durable encoding changes. In P. Bello, M. Guarini, M. McShane & B. Scassellati, (Eds.), Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.

Krasne, S., Hillman, J. D., Kellman, P. J. & Drake, T. A. (2013). Applying perceptual and adaptive learning techniques for teaching introductory histopathology. Journal of Pathology Informatics, 4, 34-41.

Kellman, P.J. & Massey, C. M. (2013). Perceptual learning, cognition, and expertise. In Ross, B. (Ed.). Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Volume 58, Academic Press, Elsevier, Inc.

Kellman, P.J., Massey, C.M & Son, J. (2010). Perceptual learning modules in mathematics: Enhancing students’ pattern recognition, structure extraction, and fluency.  Topics in Cognitive Science (Special issue on perceptual learning), Vol. 2, Issue 2, 285-305.

Massey, C.M., Kellman, P.J., Roth, Z. & Burke, T.  (2010). Perceptual learning and adaptive learning technology:  Developing new approaches to mathematics learning in the classroom. In Stein, N.L. (Ed.), Developmental and Learning Sciences Go to School: Implications for Education. NY: Taylor & Francis.

Kellman, P.J., Massey, C.M., Roth, Z., Burke, T., Zucker, J., Saw, A., Aguero, K.E. & Wise, J.A. (2008). Perceptual learning and the technology of expertise: Studies in fraction learning and algebra. Learning Technologies and Cognition: special issue of Pragmatics & Cognition, 16:2, 356–405.

Kellman, P.J. & Garrigan, P.B. (2009). Perceptual learning and human expertise. Physics of Life Reviews, Vol. 6, No. 2, 53-84.

Garrigan, P.B. & Kellman, P.J. (2008). Perceptual learning depends on perceptual constancy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), Vol. 105, No. 6, 2248-2253.

Kellman, P.J. (2002). Perceptual learning. In R. Gallistel (Ed.), Stevens’ Handbook of Experimental Psychology, Third Edition, Vol. 3 (Learning, motivation and emotion), John Wiley & Sons.

Kellman, P.J., Burke, T. & Hummel, J. (1999). Modeling perceptual learning of abstract invariants. In Hahn, M. & Stoness, S.C. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 264-269.

 

ADAPTIVE LEARNING

Mettler, E., Massey, C., Burke, T.B., & Kellman, P. J. (2020). Comparing adaptive and random spacing schedules during learning to mastery criteria. Proceedings of the 42st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 262-267). Toronto, ON: Cognitive Science Society.

Mettler, E., Massey, C., El-Ashmawy, A.K., & Kellman, P. J. (2020). Adaptive vs. fixed spacing of learning items: Evidence from studies of learning and transfer in chemistry education. Proceedings of the 42st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 262-267). Toronto, ON: Cognitive Science Society.

Mettler, E., Massey, C.M., Burke, T., Garrigan, P. & Kellman, P.J. (2018). Enhancing adaptive learning through strategic scheduling of passive and active learning modes. In T.T. Rogers, M. Rau, X. Zhu, & C. W. Kalish (Eds.), Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 768-773). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.

Mettler, E.M., Massey, C.M. & Kellman, P.J.  (2016). A comparison of adaptive and fixed schedules of practice. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145(7): 897-917.

Mettler, E.M. & Kellman, P.J. (2014).  Adaptive response-time-based sequencing in perceptual learning. Vision Research, 99: 111-123.

Mettler, E., Massey, C. & Kellman, P. (2011). Improving adaptive learning technology through the use of response times. In L. Carlson, C. Holscher, & T. Shipley (Eds.), Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Boston, MA: Cognitive Science Society, 2532-2537.

 

PERCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT

Books:

Arterberry, M.E. & Kellman, P.J. (2016). Development of Perception in Infancy: The Cradle of Knowledge Revisited, Oxford University Press.

Kellman, P.J. & Arterberry, M.E. (1998). The Cradle of Knowledge: Development of Perception in Infancy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Articles and Chapters:

Kellman, P.J. & Arterberry, M.A. (2006). Infant visual perception. In R. Siegler and D. Kuhn (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology, Sixth Edition, Volume 2:  Cognition, Perception, and Language.  New York: Wiley.

Kellman, P.J. and Banks, M.S. (1997).  Infant visual perception.  In R. Siegler and D. Kuhn (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology, Fifth Edition, Volume 2:  Cognition, Perception, and Language.New York: Wiley, 103-146.

Kellman, P.J. (1996). The origins of object perception. In Gelman, R. & Au, T. (Eds.), Handbook of Perception and Cognition, Volume 8:  Perceptual and Cognitive Development, Academic Press.

Kellman, P.J. (1995).  Ontogeny of visual space and motion perception. In Epstein, W. & Rogers, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Perception and Cognition, Volume 5:  Perception of Space and Motion, Academic Press.

Hofsten, C. von, Kellman, P.J. & Putaansuu, J.  (1992).  Young infants’ sensitivity to motion parallax.  Infant Behavior & Development, 15, 245-264.

Kellman, P. J. (1992). Kinematic foundations of perceptual development.  In Granrud, C. (Ed.), Development of Perception: The 1989 Carnegie-Mellon Symposium on Cognition, Hillsdale, NJ:  Erlbaum.

Kellman, P. J. & Short, K. R. (1987). Development of three-dimensional form perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 13(4), 545-557.

Kellman, P. J. Gleitman, H. & Spelke, E. S. (1987).  Object and observer motion in the perception of objects by infants.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 13(4), 586-593.

Kellman, P. J. Von Hofsten, C. & Soares, J. (1987).  Concurrent motion in infant event perception.  Infant Behavior and Development, 10, 1-10.

Kellman, P. J., Spelke, E. S. & Short, K. R. (1986).  Infant perception of object unity from translatory motion in depth and vertical translation. Child Development, 57(1), 72-86.

Kellman, P. J. (1984).  Perception of three-dimensional form by human infants. Perception & Psychophysics,  36(4), 353-358.

Kellman, P. J. & Spelke, E. S. (1983).  Perception of partly occluded objects in infancy.  Cognitive Psychology, 15, 483-524.